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Gasoline, also called petrol, is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting primarily of hydrocarbons and enhanced with benzene or iso-octane to increase octane ratings, used as fuel in internal combustion engines.

Before internal combustion engines were invented in the mid-1800s, gasoline was sold in small bottles as a treatment against lice and their eggs. At that time, the word Petrol was a trade name. This treatment method is no longer common because of the inherent fire hazard and the risk of dermatitis.

In the US, gasoline was also sold as a cleaning fluid to remove grease stains from clothing. Before dedicated filling stations were established, early motorists would buy gasoline in cans to fill their tanks.

The name gasoline is similar to that of other petroleum products of the day, most notably petroleum jelly (a highly-purified heavy distillate) which was branded Vaseline. The trademark Gasoline\' however, was never registered, and thus became generic.

Gasoline was also used in kitchen ranges and for lighting, and is still available in a highly-purified form (camping fuel is one term) for use in lanterns and stoves used by outdoorsmen.
During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, pétrole was stockpiled in Paris for use against a possible Prussian attack on the city. Later in 1871, during the revolutionary Paris Commune, rumours spread around the city of pétroleuses, women using bottles of petrol to commit arson against city buildings.

It is also used as a psychoactive inhalant The word gasolene was coined in 1865 from the word gas and the chemical suffix -ine-ene. The modern spelling was first used in 1871. The shortened form gas was first recorded in American English in 1905. Gasoline originally referred to any liquid used as the fuel for a gasoline-powered engine, other than diesel fuel or liquefied gas. Methanol racing fuel would have been classed as a type of gasoline.

The word petrol was first used in reference to the refined substance as early as 1892 (it previously referred to unrefined petroleum), and was registered as a trade name by English wholesaler Carless, Capel & Leonard. Although it was never officially registered as a trademark, Carless competitors used the term Motor Spirit until the 1930s.

Bertha Benz used chemist shops to purchase the gasoline for her famous drive from Mannheim to Pforzheim in 1888. In Germany, gasoline is called Benzin. The usage does not derive from Bertha Benz, but from the chemical benzene.

When gasoline is left for a certain period of time, gums and varnishes may build up and precipitate in the gasoline, causing stale fuel. This will cause gums to build up in the cylinders and also the fuel lines, making it harder to start the engine.

Gums and varnishes should be removed by a professional to extend engine life. Motor gasoline may be stored up to 60 days in an approved container. If it is to be stored for a longer period of time, a fuel stabilizer may be used. This will extend the life of the fuel to about 1-2 years, and keep it fresh for the next uses. Fuel stabilizer is commonly used for small engines such as lawnmower and tractor engines to promote quicker and more reliable starting.

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