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Scanner is a computer hardware device that uses a light beam to scan codes, text, and graphic image directly into a computer or computer system. Scanners are used widely at point-of-sale terminals in retail stores. A handheld Scanners or bar-code pen is moved across the code, or the code itself is moved by hand across Scanners built into a checkout counter or other surface, and the computer stores or immediately processes the data in the bar code. After identifying the product through its bar code, the computer determines its price and feeds that information into the cash register. Optical Scanners is also used in fax machines and to input graphic material.

There are some types of scanner which names and function are given below:
• Flatbed scanners, also called desktop scanners, are the most versatile and commonly used scanners. In fact, this article will focus on the technology as it relates to flatbed scanners.
• Sheet-fed scanners are similar to flatbed scanners except the document is moved and the scan head is immobile. A sheet-fed scanner looks a lot like a small portable printer.
• Handheld scanners use the same basic technology as a flatbed scanner, but rely on the user to move them instead of a motorized belt. This type of scanner typically does not provide good image quality. However, it can be useful for quickly capturing text.
• Drum scanners are used by the publishing industry to capture incredibly detailed images. They use a technology called a photomultiplier tube (PMT). In PMT, the document to be scanned is mounted on a glass cylinder. At the center of the cylinder is a sensor that splits light bounced from the document into three beams. Each beam is sent through a color filter into a photomultiplier tube where the light is changed into an electrical signal.

Tips & Warnings
• Images scanned at a lower resolution produce smaller files, which load faster, are easier to edit and conserve disk space.
• Scanning software designed to improve your scanner's resolution is useful for graphics and for photographs lacking detail.

The basic principle of a scanner is to analyze an image and process it in some way. Image and text capture (optical character recognition or OCR) allow you to save information to a file on your computer. You can then alter or enhance the image.

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