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CNC MACHINE(Computerized Numerical Control)

The abbreviation CNC stands for Computer Numerical Control, and refers specifically to a computer controller that reads G-code instructions and drives the machine tool, a powered mechanical device typically used to fabricate metal components by the selective removal of metal.

CNC machining in the industrial the context refers to Computer Numerical Control. Computers are used to control machine tools for the purpose of manufacturing complex and intricate parts of metal and other material. More over the cutting process is enabled, using a program written in a notation confirming to EIA-274-D standard, which is often referred as G-code.

G-code is a common name for the programming language that drives NC and CNC machine tools.

The computer numerical controls were developed in late 1940s and 1950s, but were briefly preceded due to less advanced numerically controlled machines. However the CNC technology has developed greatly, with advances in mechanics and the computer sector. The developed CNC machines have drastically changed the face of the manufacturing industry.

More over the CNC structure has dramatically reduced human intervention in machining. It is easy to cut curves or straight lines, and structuring intricate 3-D parts has become relatively easy.

This refers to modern milling machines and other machine tools that can carve complex parts from solid billets. Although CNC parts are not as strong as forged parts, they can be made into more complicated shapes than is possible with forging or conventional casting.

It is put into a fairly standard machine tool that has had position sensing and motors on the control knobs installed. This is basically just a robot machinist. You use a rotating cutting tool to cut away all the metal that is not your crank. 3D metal etch-a-sketch, with the computer interpolating so the circles come out looking pretty smooth.

Advantages of CNC machining

However CNC machines have helped to increase automation of the manufacturing sector, and have enabled improvements in consistent and quality production. The machining technology has even helped significantly in reducing the frequency of errors and has provided the CNC operators with time to perform additional tasks. CNC automation also gives higher flexibility to the way tools are gripped in the manufacturing process, and the time required to produce different products.

You can not use an acute inside angle on a forging; you would never be able to get the part out of the mold. So all inside corners must be wider than 90 degrees, and have radiuses edges (if you had a die (mold) that tried to form a sharp corner, it would cut rather than push the metal into place.

CNC doesnt impose such restrictions, though to get nicely radiuses corners, you might have to change tools, to make the last pass. (You use a flat tool to get rid of the bulk of the metal over the flat areas, and use a round nosed tool to form the inside radius where needed.) So eliminating stress risers means more expensive machining time.

CNC is a good compliment to forging. There are a lot of shapes that forging can not produce. Internal threads, for instance. So you might take your raw forged crank blank out of the press, and then put it in a CNC machine to tap the holes for the pedals, crank puller and chaining bolts. Sure, if you were producing them in the millions, you would just set up a simple machine that could only drill and tap crank holes.

In a production environment, a series of CNC machines may be combined into one station, commonly called a cell, to progressively machine a part requiring several operations. CNC machines today are controlled directly from files created by CAM software packages, so that a part or assembly can go directly from design to manufacturing without the need of producing a drafted paper drawing of the manufactured component. In a sense, the CNC machines represent a special segment of industrial robot systems, as they are programmable to perform many kinds of machining operations.

The mini CNC machine gives the manufacturer a way to reduce cycle time. The mini CNC machine helps the manufacturer to avoid a long void between the end of one operation and the start of the next operation. The manufacturer who decides to purchase a mini CNC machine has chosen to apply the principles of cycle time to the area of production machinery.

Computer controlled mills have been around for a long time. If you just want to buy one, makes mills that are ready to go (pictured is their CNC ready model -- just add your own motors and controller). But then again, if you wanted to buy one, you probably would not be reading this, now would you? A CNC machine is a lot like a precision drill press with a table that moves in two directions -- seeing a commercial unit like the one above should help you visualize the end goal.

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